B) the membrane potential has been reestablished, C) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell, In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting A) Conducting regionB) Receptive regionC) Secretory A) biogenic amine. (See the figure.) B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? During polarization, the membrane is in a resting potential state. A series of nerve impulses arriving in rapid succession at the axon terminal is accurately reproduced as a series in the postsynaptic cell because the quanta of neurotransmitter released by each impulse are inactivated as soon as they stimulate the receptor proteins. insufficient stimulus. A) microglia B) astrocytes C) oligodendrocytes D) ependymal cells, Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine, Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential The neuron is either at rest with a polarized membrane, or it is conducting a nerve impulse at reverse polarization. A nerve impulse occurs because of a difference in electrical charge across the plasma membrane of a neuron. 0.80.80.8 liters An action potential, also called a nerve impulse, is an electrical charge that travels along the membrane of a neuron. second nerve impulse CANNOT be generated until membrane potential has been reestablished 29 interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? Unmyelinated axons do not have nodes of Ranvier, and ion channels in these axons are spread over the entire membrane surface. A-level Biology focuses on providing students, tutors and teachers with detailed revision materials for A-Level Biology. The action potential is a result of the movement of ions in and out of the cell. 5) Different types of sensory input can have Other neurons have d) efferent neuron, What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? Neurotransmitter inactivation is carried out by a combination of three processes. Nerve impulse propagates by jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next. He pushes off the boards with a force of 9.0 N. What is his resulting acceleration? During this period, the membrane prepares itself for the conduction of the second stimulus after restoring the original resting state. How does this difference in electrical charge come about? Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? 33) A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until _____. 4.) 50. analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions. channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of When the voltage has the required number of electron particles it conducts current. A third process, called mobilization of the transmitter, is traditionally postulated as taking up the remaining time, but evidence suggests that the time is occupied at least partially by the opening of calcium channels to allow the entry of Ca2+ into the presynaptic terminal. Saltatory conduction increases the speed at which a nerve signal is conducted down the length of an axon. the membrane potential has been reestablished. Due to nerve impulse, the resting potential is changed to an action potential to conduct signals to the target in response to a stimulus. What type of chemicals are used in sanitation? d) oligodendrocytes, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Charles Welsh, Cynthia Prentice-Craver, David Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual (Main Version). A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until _____. leakage gated channels In myelinated neurons, ion flows occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. B) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. Potassium ion channels then open, allowing potassium ions to flow out of the cell, which ends the action potential. What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of Nerve impulse propagates by jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next. answer choices In contrast, the concentration of potassium ions is 25 times more inside the axon than outside. a) mechanically gated channel )Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc? 4.) A) the myelin sheath a. B) stimulate the production of acetylcholine, C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings. Everything that you need to pass A-level Biology: Factors Affecting the Speed of Nerve Impulse. B) negatively charged and contains less sodium. Once an action potential has been generated at the axon hillock, it is conducted along the length of the axon until it reaches the terminals, the fingerlike extensions of the neuron that are next to other neurons and muscle cells (see the section The nerve cell: The neuron). the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and the membrane potential has been reestablished. In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? Nerve impulse conduction is a major process occurring in the body responsible for organized functions of the body. Select the correct statement about serial processing. farther and farther along the circuit. For this, sodium voltage-gated channels open. True or False, Acetylcholine is not a biogenic amine. Solved A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until - Chegg Second, they are taken back into the presynaptic terminal by transmitter-sensitive transport molecules. Sodium is the principal ion in the fluid outside of cells, and potassium is the principal ion in the fluid inside of cells. If you want to see what we offer before purchasing, we have a free membership with sample revision materials. c) a nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal, a nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. The action potential will move down the axon toward the synapse like a wave would move along the surface of the water. Ca2+ is known to be sequestered by certain organelles within the terminal, including the endoplasmic reticulum. A) erratic transmission of nerve impulses. are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of potentials?A) ligand-gated channel. Any distraction in this process can have drastic effects on the body. True or False, Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. D) erratic transmission of nerve impulses. Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? 15. One is the vertebrate neuromuscular junction, and the other is the giant synapse of the squid Loligo. Nerve Impulse is defined as a wave of electrical chemical changes across the neuron that helps in the generation of the action potential in response to the stimulus. serotonin C) nitric oxide D) endorphin, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other Chapter 11 Flashcards | Chegg.com True or False, Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. True or False, Saltatory conduction occurs because of the presence of salt (NaCl) around the neuron. This amazing cloud-to-surface lightning occurred when a difference in electrical charge built up in a cloud relative to the ground. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. A nerve impulse is similar to a lightning strike. movement of Ca2+ into the interior of the axonal terminus returned it's base level or even more negative. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. The first factor is the outside diameter of the nerve fibre. some types of Na+ channels inactivate at a positive potential and An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. B) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings. the membrane potential has been reestablished. diffusion of K+ out of the axon through gated ion channels. This is called the depolarization of the membrane. Chapter 11 Flashcards - Easy Notecards Due to this sheath, an action potential is not formed on the surface of the neuron. This is due to a clustering of Na+ and K+ ion channels at the Nodes of Ranvier. Chapter 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and - FreezingBlue The interior is ________. At this point there exist two methods for transmitting the action potential from one cell to the other. During the repolarization state, efflux of potassium ions through the potassium channel occurs. This Myelin sheath has regular gaps, where it is not present, called nodes of Ranvier. C) Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. The term central nervous system refers to the ________. The nerve impulse travels at a speed of 100 m/s in saltatory conduction. Because nerve impulses are not graded in amplitude, it is not the size of the action potential that is important in processing information within the nervous system; rather, it is the number and frequency with which the impulses are fired. The action potential state is based on the All or none method and has two possibilities: If the stimulus is not more than the threshold value, then there will be no action potential state across the length of the axon. However, some neurotransmitters have relatively consistent effects on other cells. Axon Ending- Acts as a transmitter of signals. b) postsynaptic potential Whether acting upon ion channels directly or indirectly, the neurotransmitter molecules cause a sudden change in the permeability of the membrane to specific ions. 2.) a second nerve impulse cannot be generated until___ the membrane potential has been reestablished: an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the___ synapse: neuroglia that control the chemical enviroment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are___ astrocytes In myelinated neurons, ion flows occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? True or False, In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. 38. Due to this, a difference in electrical potential is generated across the membrane, known as nerve impulse or action potential. During the resting state, the sodium-potassium pump maintains a difference in charge across the cell membrane of the neuron. spinal cord? Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed As instantaneous as the opening of sodium channels at threshold potential is their closing at the peak of action potential. The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. This quantal release of neurotransmitter has a critical influence on the electrical potential created in the postsynaptic membrane. The term central nervous system refers to the ________. Besides, Myelin Sheath also helps in accelerating the rate of signal conduction (about 20 times). other types of channels and can fire multiple action potentials to The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong. B) increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. Saltatory is faster than continuous conduction and occurs in myelinated neurons. It means it doesnt conduct nerve impulses in this state. Because it varies in amplitude, the local potential is said to be graded. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________.
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